Afghanistan faces a devastating youth unemployment crisis, leaving many young men and women trapped in despair and facing an uncertain future. Economic instability, limited educational opportunities, a lack of job prospects and years of war and conflict have all contributed to the issue.

Zuhra Ahmadzai*, director of an English language centre in Kabul, highlights how youth unemployment is not just a matter of education but a lack of opportunities to apply those skills in a shrinking job market. “I know many young people who are highly educated, but still struggle to find work,” she says. “The lack of jobs forces many to live with frustration, leading to a sense of hopelessness.”

Economic problems, a lack of technical skills and limited access to global job markets are key drivers of Afghanistan’s youth unemployment.

According to the World Bank’s latest Afghanistan Development Update, although the economy is showing some signs of recovery, poverty and restrictions on women remain “pressing challenges” and one in four Afghan youths are unemployed.

One of the most significant obstacles is the lack of vocational skills among Afghan youth. “Without the right skills, it’s impossible to find a stable job,” explains Ahmadzai. “Young people need vocational training to meet the demands of the job market.”

Expanding technical and vocational education programmes could help bridge the skills gap, enabling young Afghans to find work in key sectors such as technology, construction and business.

To combat youth unemployment, increased government support is essential. Ahmadzai believes that “the government should support the private sector by reducing taxes and offering incentives to create jobs.” A thriving private sector could absorb more young workers, boosting the economy and providing much-needed employment opportunities.

Many young Afghans face significant barriers to employment because of their lack of language skills, and English courses help bridge this gap, making them more competitive in the global market.

“We need to create an ecosystem where young people can learn, grow and thrive,” Ahmadzai concludes.

Through collaborations between the government, the private sector and international organisations, Afghanistan can create more opportunities for its youth, helping them build better futures. With these efforts, young Afghans can turn their talent into meaningful careers, contributing to national growth and development.

*Names have been changed to protect identities